Advance Packaging Aseptic describes a condition in which there is an absence of micro-organisms including viable spores. In the food industry the terms aseptic, sterile and commercial sterility are often interchangeably. The term “aseptic” is derived from the Greek word “septicos” which means the absence of putrefactive micro-organisms. Aseptic packaging can be defined as the […]
Bacterial Conjugation Conjugation is the direct transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another bacterial cell. The transferred DNA is a plasmid, a circle of DNA that is distinct from the main bacterial chromosome. The F plasmid is similar to a virus or a transposon in its ability to move independently of the main
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Cloning Vector A cloning vector is a DNA molecule in which foreign DNA can be inserted or integrated and which is further capable of replicating within host cell to produce multiple clones of recombinant DNA. Such a vector is called Cloning Vector. Plasmids and phages are the vectors used for cloning purposes, particularly in prokaryotes
Importance of Fish Migration Many types of fish undertake migrations on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annual, and with distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers. The purpose usually relates to either feeding or breeding; in some cases the reason for migration is still unknown. Factors Influencing
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Prions as Microbes Prion diseases have long fascinated biologists, because of the unusual nature of the infectious agent. Recently, prion diseases have become a major news story because of the emergence of the bovine (cow) prion disease BSE, which can be transmitted to humans as the disease vCJD. Introduction Prions are infectious agents that long
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Asthma Asthma is a chronic long-term lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound when we breath), chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. The coughing often occurs at night or early in the morning. Asthma affects people of all ages, but it most often starts